ERGO-GLOSA
french page english page
Ergo-glosa
is an work for an alternative grammar of Glos alanguage. |
Caution! this page as the grammar of Ergo-glosa is in construction
This alternative of Glosa is a test to lead to the maximum the principle
of the word-concepts of the original language and grammatical principle of the
order subject-verb-complement which organizes the speech.
Total coherence is not guaranteed yet, because the project is very new and did
not undergo the test of third criticism.
By the way, some very light modifications are made to the vocabulary,
but the dictionaries of Glosa remain usable with these nuances.
R. Gaskell, September 1995 - GLOSA SEMINAR 1 " WORDS The words do not change for reasons of grammar (system for getting understanding from words): this means that words can be used, within reason, as any part of speech, but have no letters added to indicate this useage (no Part-of-Speech markers); also, the words which act as verbs, `verbs', have no endings added to them (no inflections) to give added understanding of how, or when, the action is taken. The order of the words (syntax) gives us the meaning in Glosa; the language can be described as having `syntax-based grammar.' PHRASES Within each phrase, each word is modified by the one before it, and there is a gradual increase in importance of the words, with the main concept/word (`noun' or `verb') as the last word of the phrase. " |
Ergo-glosa use the words of Glosa, but combines them according
to a slightly different grammar.
Some tiny modifications of the vocabulary are proposed, their importances do
not have all the same necessity.
* Word EXTASI replaces the /ekstasi/ version which
is the ONLY case of KS in the Mega-glosa dictionary.
* Word UISKI replaces the /wiski/ version which is the ONLY case
of W in the Mega-glosa dictionary.
* Word KAU replaces /ka/ in order to avoid a confusion with the
/-ka/ suffix.
* Word TED replaces /te/ in order to avoid a confusion with the
/-te/ suffix.
* Word GO is added to the vocabulary. (see conjugation of the verbs)
* Word HI is added to the vocabulary. HI, which is the oral equivalent
of a hyphen, it is the abbreviation of HIFEN.
* Word ZU is added to the vocabulary. ZU is the reverse of the hyphen,
it is a separator corresponding to the symbol “\”.
[one would have preferred an abbreviation of LOXO or
OBLIKI, but - LO and OB- are already used at other ends]
* The word LU replaces /plu/ which becomes an abbreviation of /pluri/.
[this modification is primarily aesthetic and does not have imperative necessity]
Apart from a very limited list of words which one will find below,
ALL the words of Ergo-glosa represent concepts and can be used like name, verb,
modifiers (adverb or adjective), without the least modification.
It is their position in the group which determines their grammatical role.
There are two types of phrases : nominal phrases and verbal phrases
* 2.1 nominal phrase:
numerator > modifying [separator
or hyphen or E] [modifying] > name
A nominal phrase can be prone or complement.
- The numerator can be:
*
an article: U, singular article and LU, plural article
*
a number
- Any word-concept can be modifying (“adjective”)
- The separator is the symbol bars oblique “\”. It decides
ZU. According to the manner of speaking, it can be possibly omitted with the
oral examination.
- The hyphen is used to build made up words. It decides
HI. According to the manner of speaking, it can be possibly pronounced with
the oral examination
- “E” is a conjunction coordinating two words inside
a group. One uses “E-CO” to coordinate two groups or two proposals.
- SED and ALO obey same the rules as E :
.
used alone they establish the link between two words,
.
employed with - CO, they establish the links between two groups or two proposals.
- Any word, simple or composed in last position of the
nominal group is the name
Note: a group can be made up only of one proper name
or of a pronoun, it is the only case where a numerator is not present at the
beginning of nominal phrase.
Note: “E-CO” very well will perhaps not be adapted,
it would be possible to create the word “ET”, which would be a conjunction between
two proposals.
* 2.2 verbal phrase:
verbor > modifying [modifier] > verb
The verbor can be:
*
GO which indicates a transitive phrase (which generally precedes a nominal phrase
complement)
*
GE which indicates a phrase of state of the subject
Any word-concept can be modifying (“adverb”)
Any word, simple or composed in last position of the verbal group is the verb.
* 2.3 order of the groups in the proposals
In the sentence, the groups respect the order
SVO (subject > verb > complement)
* 2.4 separation of the groups
The end of a nominal phrase can be marked
*
by an element of punctuation: comma, semicolon, colon, not, not of exclamation…
*
by a verbor GO or GE
*
by a conjonctor [xx] - CO
The end of a verbal phrase can be marked
*
by an element of punctuation: comma, semicolon, colon, not, not of exclamation…
*
by the beginning of a nominal phrase.
There are only very few words which are not concepts. Here is
the list:
* pronouns
MI TU AN FE ID NA VI MU
QI KE
QOD
* articles
U LU
* the interrogative
QE QO
* conjunctions
DE TO
ALO SED [Oct 6, 07: the statute of SED and ALO is not
yet well clearly]
* the suffix - CO which transforms any word into pivot-word
* spoken punctuations
ZU HI
The prepositions DE and TO can be suffixées by any word concept, then
conferring on this one a function of preposition. This role is copied on
operation of the suffix - CO. Naturally this grammatical potentiality does not
want to say that all the combinations of concept with or To are
inevitably meaning.
The relative phrases uses relative pronouns QI and KE
* the relative pronoun is prone verb of the subordinate phrase:
as always in Glosa, the subject precedes the verb.
- U fe qi go ki
[a woman which goes]
* the relative pronoun is complement of object of the verb of the
subordinate phrase: as always in Glosa, the complément follows the verb
- U fe, me go pa vide qi, go ki.
[a woman that I saw, walk]
- U fe (qi) ge pa vide ex mi, go ki
[a woman which was seen by me, walk]
* the pronoun is complement of object of the main phrase (it replaces
the subordinate phrase in the principal one)
- An go pa dice ke an sio ki.
[he said that he would come]
- An go dice ke u an cani ge melano (es)
[he says that his dog is black]
The numbers have a special status, because they can be use as
pronoun (cardinal form) or adjectives (ordinal form). For ordinal form, it is
necessary use the verbal form with "GE" after the noun.
THIS IS THE ONLY EXCEPTION IN ERGO-GLOSA.
- bi manu
[ two hands]
- u bipli cide
[ A double murder ]
- u ave ge bi
[the second age]
u bina manu-ve
[ a pair of gloves ]